Explore current medical research based on herbs, organic gardening and the restoration of our natural environment. Meeting 2nd Tuesday of month 6:30 p.m., at the Provident Bank meeting room on the front or Florida side of the building, 1690 East Florida Avenue, Hemet California 92544, at the corner of Florida Avenue and Girard Street, The topic discussion is followed by questions, an open gardening discussion and refreshments. Anyone interested in health, gardening and environmental issues is invited to attend. Optionally bring garden produce or fruit for exchange. For further information see: gardenhealth.tripod.com or call: 951-925-8110.
Tuesday, August 9, 2005, 6:30 p.m., 1690 East Florida Avenue, Hemet
The topic was "Inducing your
immune system to prevent Alzheimer’s with turmeric and omega-3, and naturally
relaxing your heart with nitric oxide" in addition to our regular gardening
discussion and exchange of ideas, plants and produce.
Topic background information:
A diet high in the omega-3 fatty acid DHA helps protect the brain against the memory loss and cell damage caused by Alzheimer's disease.
Neuroscientists from the University of California have shown for the first time that a diet rich in DHA may lower the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and may help slow progression of the disorder in its later stages.
Senior author and Professor of Neurology, Greg Cole PhD, at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA explains "This is the first proof that our diets affect how our brain cells communicate with each other under the duress of Alzheimer's disease. We saw that a diet rich in DHA, or docosahexaenoic acid, dramatically reduces the impact of the Alzheimer's gene."
He added that the average person can easily add more omega 3 to the diet, in the form of fish oil capsules, high-fat fish, or eggs which have been supplemented with DHA.
The researchers focused on Alzheimer's damage to synapses – the chemical connections between brain cells that enable memory and learning.
They used mice which had been bred with genetic mutations that cause the brain lesions linked to advanced Alzheimer's disease. When they found that the mice developed the lesions, but showed minimal memory loss or synaptic brain damage, which might normally have been expected, the scientists took a closer look at the animals' diet.
They discovered that the mice lived on a nutritious diet of soy and fish – two ingredients rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
Because earlier studies had suggested that omega-3 fatty acids might prevent Alzheimer's disease, the researchers realised that the mice's diet could be helping to fight the progression of brain damage.
To check whether this was indeed happening, the scientists swapped safflower oil for the soy and fish to create an unhealthy diet depleted of omega-3 fatty acids. The mice were divided into two sets of older mice, which already showed brain lesions but showed no major loss of brain-cell activity. Both sets of mice were given safflower oil, which is not high in DHA, instead of the fish and soy diet. The second group were also given DHA supplements from algae.
After five months, the researchers compared each set of mice to a control group that consumed the same diet but did not carry the Alzheimer's genes. The results surprised them.
They found that the mice who were given diets low in DHA had high levels of synaptic damage in their brains, and they observed that these changes closely resembled those in the brains of humans with Alzheimer's disease.
Although the mice on the DHA-supplemented diet also carried the Alzheimer's genes, they still performed much better in memory testing than the mice in the first group.
Even after adjusting for all possible variables, DHA was the only factor remaining that protected the mice against the synaptic damage and memory loss that should have resulted from their Alzheimer's genes, according to Professor Cole.
He said "We concluded that the DHA-enriched diet was holding their genetic disease at bay."
The UCLA scientists hope to use their findings in a new study which will track DHA-related biomarkers in the urine and cerebral spinal fluid of Alzheimer's patients. Finding these biomarkers earlier would enable treatment to begin earlier.
DHA is absorbed very quickly by the human brain, and is critical for proper cognitive function, eye development and mental tasks. DHA helps keep the brain membrane fluid, moves proteins and helps to convert signals from other parts of the body into action.
Inexpensive sources of DHA include coldwater fish, such as salmon, halibut, mackerel, sardines and herring. These fish consume algae, which is high in DHA.
However, these fish also absorb more mercury, dioxin, PCP and other metals and therefore a less risky strategy is to consume either fish oil or purified DHA supplements made from algae. Alternatively DHA-rich eggs laid by chickens that eat DHA-supplemented feed can be included in the diet.
This study was funded by The National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Source: EurekAlert September 1, 2004
UCLA neuroscientists have shown for the first time that a diet high in the omega-3
fatty acid DHA helps protect the brain against the memory loss and cell damage
caused by Alzheimer's disease. The new research suggests that a DHA-rich diet
may lower one's risk of Alzheimer's disease and may help slow progression of
the disorder in its later stages. The journal Neuron reported the findings on
Sept. 2.
"This is the first proof that our diets affect how our brain cells communicate
with each other under the duress of Alzheimer's disease," explained Greg
Cole, Ph.D., senior author and a professor of neurology at the David Geffen
School of Medicine at UCLA. "We saw that a diet rich in DHA, or docosahexaenoic
acid, dramatically reduces the impact of the Alzheimer's gene.
"Consuming more DHA is something the average person can easily control,"
added Cole, associate director of the UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.
"Anyone can buy DHA in its purified form, fish-oil capsules, high-fat fish
or DHA-supplemented eggs."
Cole and his colleagues focused on Alzheimer's damage to synapses - the chemical
connections between brain cells that enable memory and learning.
By using mice bred with genetic mutations that cause the brain lesions linked
to advanced Alzheimer's disease, the UCLA researchers created a mouse model
to test environmental risk factors for the disorder. When the mice developed
the lesions, but showed minimal memory loss or synaptic brain damage, however,
the scientists took a closer look at the animals' diet.
"We discovered that the mice lived on a nutritious diet of soy and fish
- two ingredients chock-full of omega-3 fatty acids," said Sally Frautschy,
Ph.D., co-author and an associate professor of neurology at the David Geffen
School of Medicine at UCLA.
"Because earlier studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may prevent Alzheimer's
disease, we realized that the mice's diet could be countering the very thing
we were trying to accomplish - showing the progression of the Alzheimer's-related
brain damage," she added
The UCLA team swapped safflower oil for the soy and fish to create an unhealthful
diet depleted of omega-3 fatty acids. They divided the animals into two sets
of older mice, which already showed brain lesions but displayed no major loss
of brain-cell activity. The researchers placed both groups on the new diet,
but fed the second group DHA supplements from algae.
After five months, the researchers compared each set of mice to a control group
that consumed the same diet but did not carry the Alzheimer's genes. The results
surprised them.
"We found high amounts of synaptic damage in the brains of the Alzheimer's-diseased
mice that ate the DHA-depleted diet," observed Frautschy. "These changes
closely resembled those we see in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease."
Although the mice on the DHA-supplemented diet also carried the Alzheimer's
genes, they still performed much better in memory testing than the mice in the
first group.
"After adjusting for all possible variables, DHA was the only factor remaining
that protected the mice against the synaptic damage and memory loss that should
have resulted from their Alzheimer's genes," said Cole. "We concluded
that the DHA-enriched diet was holding their genetic disease at bay."
Frautschy and Cole plan to parlay their findings into a new study focused on
tracking DHA-related biomarkers in the urine and cerebral spinal fluid of Alzheimer's
disease patients. "If we can detect biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease earlier,
we can intervene with treatment sooner," noted Cole.
The human brain absorbs DHA rapidly, making a constant supply critical for proper
cognitive function, eye development and mental tasks. DHA helps keep the brain
membrane fluid, moves proteins and helps to convert signals from other parts
of the body into action.
Cheap sources of DHA include coldwater fish, like salmon, halibut, mackerel,
sardines and herring. These fish consume algae, which is high in DHA.
Because these fishes' oiliness makes them absorb more mercury, dioxin, PCP and
other metals, however, a less risky yet more costly strategy is to consume fish
oil or purified DHA supplements made from algae. Other options include DHA-rich
eggs laid by chickens that eat DHA-supplemented feed.
###
Cole and Frautschy are also researchers at the Greater Los Angeles Veterans
Affairs (VA) Healthcare system. The National Institute on Aging, National Institute
of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research
funded the study.
Co-authors included Frederic Calon, Giselle Lim, Fusheng Yang, Takashi Morihara,
Bruce Teter and Oliver Ubeda of the VA and the David Geffen School of Medicine
at UCLA. Other collaborators included Phillippe Rostaing, Antoine Triller, Norman
Salem Jr. and Karen Ashe, who developed the mouse model.
A study using genetically engineered mice has found that those mice on a diet rich in curcumin (the yellow pigment in the curry spice turmeric) developed 85% few Alzheimer’s plaques then the control group. Curcumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol lowering properties, and has long been used in India as treatment for a variety of ailments. A human trial involving 33 Alzheimer's patients will soon commence.
The study was reported online December 7 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
Full reference
A copy of the full paper can be found on the Journal of Biological Chemistry
Web site at http://tinyurl.com/5bzbs
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-12/potn-usn122804.php
http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?article_id=218392455
By Christopher Wanjek
Special to The Washington Post
Tuesday, October 7, 2003; Page HE01
Some may find it as hard to believe as Itzhak Perlman producing a Britney Spears album. Louis Ignarro, winner of the 1998 Nobel prize in physiology/medicine, has joined forces with dietary supplement maker Herbalife to develop a product for cardiovascular health called Niteworks.
A quick scan of the medical literature
will reveal that the words "Herbalife" and "Nobel prize"
have never before been mentioned in the same sentence. Herbalife is a multilevel
marketing firm better known for signs hanging on telephone poles that read "Lose
Weight Now -- Ask Me How" and "Have a Computer? Work from Home."
Its products include Male Factor 1000, the 21-Day Herbal Cleansing and MentaBalance,
a pill that "helps you feel balanced and satisfied," according to
its label.
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Why would a Nobel laureate cast his lot with this crowd? And does Ignarro's role in the product's creation suggest that it might work?
As with most dietary supplements, no one knows for sure. No long-term human studies have been done specifically on Niteworks, a powder mix of amino acids and antioxidants that purports to supply the body with beneficial nitric oxide. The science behind the product is based on Ignarro's discovery that nitric oxide helps regulate blood flow.
"Some of my friends come to me and ask, 'Lou, what the hell are you doing?' " said Ignarro, a professor of pharmacology at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine. He acknowledges that he and many other scientists are skeptical of dietary supplement makers, some of which make dubious claims about questionable products.
Yet he believes in the value and benefits of Niteworks, a blend of ingredients he said he takes himself. He said he essentially created the product in his laboratory after many years of research and later brought it to Herbalife.
While Ignarro, who is 62, said it will take many years of study to prove that Niteworks provides long-term health benefits, "I can't embarrass myself" by backing a product of no scientific value. "I have too much to risk."
Eyes on the Prize
Ignarro shared the Nobel prize with Robert Furchgott and Ferid Murad for research in the 1970s and 1980s uncovering the benevolent side of nitric oxide, the notorious tailpipe pollutant that gives us smog. In the arteries, the innermost layer of cells releases nitric oxide to signal smooth muscle cells to dilate (increase the diameter of) the arteries. This allows blood to flow more freely, particularly during exercise. Nitroglycerin delivers similar signals, which explains why this drug can help ease chest pains, although no one knew why nitroglycerin worked until Murad identified the nitric oxide component.
By the 1990s, many scientists saw nitric oxide as the next great weapon for treating heart disease, impotence and even bacterial infections. Ignarro said there are several nitric oxide-based medicines now in clinical trials for arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and other age-related illnesses.
But progress has been hit or miss, said Thomas Michel, associate professor of medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, a nitric oxide researcher.
"We've had singles, lots of players picked off first base, and one home run," said Michel. That four-bagger is sildenafil (Viagra), he said. Viagra inhibits an enzyme in the genitals, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. This in turn allows more blood to enter the penis and enable an erection.
The efficacy of simply taking amino acids by mouth, which theoretically could prompt the body to produce nitric acid, "has yet to be established scientifically," Michel said.
For instance, some people with cardiovascular disease might not be able to convert amino acids into nitric oxide. Or an excess of amino acids, like certain vitamins, may simply be excreted. Meanwhile, Michel said, there are very effective ways for many people to improve heart health, namely exercise and smoking cessation.
Walter Bortz, a retired Stanford University medical professor, calls nitric oxide a "wonderfully important molecule," and studied its effect on treating impotence. He said the greatest challenge for any dietary supplement, however, is making it available in the body at the right time, in the right place and in the right quantity.
The ingredients in Niteworks generate nitric oxide slowly over a prolonged period, said Ignarro. This has been shown so far only in animal studies and test-tube studies with human cells. Increased pressure in the arteries stimulates the conversion of the amino acid L-arginine into nitric oxide. Niteworks has L-arginine and also L-citrulline, which recycles spent L-arginine by resupplying it with atoms it lost producing nitric oxide, Ignarro said. He believes Niteworks provides the body with a sort of nitric oxide fuel when it needs it.
The process is different from popping nitroglycerin, which opens up arteries, reduces blood pressure and relieves heart pain, but only for a couple minutes.
Murad, director of the Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, says Niteworks' blend of ingredients makes sense, except for L-citrulline, which he said acts only marginally in recycling L-arginine; he surmised that this component is in the product for patenting reasons.
"There is literature to indicate that antioxidants can benefit patients with all the risk factors associated with heart disease," he said.
Yet it is the retail price of his fellow laureate's product that most surprises Murad.
"Ninety dollars a month? That's obscene," Murad said. "You can probably get [vitamin] C and E for pennies a day. You can probably get arginine for about a dollar a day. . . . I wouldn't put my patients on it."
For Better or Worse
Ignarro said Niteworks is designed for "those who lead 'less than perfect' lifestyles -- sedentary and exercise-deprived -- to support a healthy cardiovascular system." He added that his product is particularly beneficial for those over age 35 because "as we age, nitric oxide [in the body] diminishes in quantity and availability."
Ignarro said that Niteworks can work synergistically with exercise and diet or on its own. "When two-thirds of the population are at risk for serious health problems due to obesity, it's a clear indication that most of us aren't doing the right things and leading premium lifestyles," he said.
A similar product to Niteworks is HeartBar, a chewy food bar that contains L-arginine but is low on antioxidants. HeartBar's advertisements also boast of Nobel prize-winning science.
In June, HeartBar manufacturer Unither Pharma Inc., and its parent company, United Therapeutics Corp., settled charges of deceptive advertising with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Without admitting wrongdoing, the companies agreed to an FTC consent order prohibiting further claims that their product "reduces the risk of developing heart disease, reverses damage to the heart, reduces or eliminates heart disease patients' need for surgery and medications, and substantially decreases leg pain in people with cardiovascular disease."
Niteworks -- taken nightly, when nitric oxide production is at its lowest -- claims in its label and marketing materials only to support "energy, vascular and circulatory health." These claims are marked with one of those asterisks to signify that the statement hasn't been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
"Herbalife is very careful about what we say on the label," Ignarro said. Herbalife, based in Los Angeles and reporting $1.8 billion in worldwide sales in 2002, has been the subject of more than 100 complaints about deceptive marketing practices filed with the FTC against its independent distributors, who advertise through the ubiquitous homemade signs ("Lose 30 lbs. in 30 days") and on their own Web sites.
Several Web sites advertise that Niteworks can "enhance blood flow to support function of heart, brain and other organs"; "keep blood vessels toned, flexible and youthful for improved vascular function"; and "help your body create increased and longer-lasting nitric oxide to keep your arteries flexible." Other health claims, such as improving immune and nervous system function, are attributed to nitric oxide, not Niteworks per se.
In December 2002 Herbalife was among the earliest supplement companies to discontinue its weight-loss products containing ephedra, a compound the FDA has linked to cardiac arrests, strokes and deaths. Herbalife cited changes in consumer demands and the escalating cost of ephedra liability insurance.
Ignarro attests to the safety of Niteworks, saying, "I know of no circumstance where the administration of arginine and/or citrulline could lead to excessive nitric oxide production that might be harmful."
Users may have to consider the other ingredients in Niteworks, however. People already taking high-potency vitamin supplements should be aware that a day's worth of Niteworks comes with a high dose of vitamins C (500 milligrams) and E (400 international units) and that excessive amounts of these nutrients have been linked to health problems.
Ignarro said he shopped around for a distributor and chose Herbalife for its "philosophy of promoting wellness through natural-based products and a healthy lifestyle," as well as a "distribution base and marketing power to get the word out about the benefits of nitric oxide."
He saw no need to partner with a pharmaceutical company to create a "bona fide drug," he said, for the process would take too long and, according to his research, offer no added benefit.
"How else can I reach 100 million people? I can't get on Leno. I contemplated this sort of thing for quite some time. If I could create one product -- just one -- that could save lives, that would be the perfect ending to a wonderful career."•
Christopher Wanjek, author of "Bad Medicine -- Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed" (Wiley), has written about antioxidants and "anti-aging" medicine for the Health section.
Boger RH, Ron ES.
Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. boeger@uke.uni-hamburg.de.
There is abundant evidence that
the endothelium plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular tone and
structure. One of the major endothelium-derived vasoactive mediators is nitric
oxide (NO), an endogenous messenger molecule formed in healthy vascular endothelium
from the amino acid precursor L-arginine. Endothelial dysfunction is caused
by various cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic diseases, and systemic or
local inflammation. One mechanism that explains the occurrence of endothelial
dysfunction is the presence of elevated blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine
(ADMA)--an L-arginine analogue that inhibits NO formation and thereby can impair
vascular function. Supplementation with L-arginine has been shown to restore
vascular function and to improve the clinical symptoms of various diseases associated
with vascular dysfunction.
Gornik HL, Creager MA.
Vascular Medicine Section, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
The vascular endothelium is a crucial
regulator of vascular function and homeostasis. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important
paracrine substance released by the endothelium to regulate vasomotor tone.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis, as well as atherosclerosis per se, are associated
with endothelial dysfunction and decreased bioavailablilty of NO. Indeed, endothelial
dysfunction is integral to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular
diseases. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction relates to an increased risk of
adverse cardiovascular outcomes. L-Arginine is an essential amino acid required
by the constitutive enzyme, endothelial NO oxide synthase (eNOS), to produce
NO. Administration of L-arginine improves endothelial function in animal models
and in humans with hypercholesterolemia and with atherosclerosis. Clinical trials
to date support potential clinical applications of L-arginine in the treatment
of coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease, as well as in the
prevention of in-stent restenosis. The mechanism of benefit of L-arginine on
endothelial function is unclear, because intracellular concentrations of L-arginine
far exceed that required by eNOS. One potential explanation of this "arginine
paradox" is that L-arginine restores endothelial function in atherosclerotic
patients, in whom there are elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine,
an endogenous inhibitor of eNOS. Given the promising findings of early studies
of L-arginine as a potential therapy for cardiovascular disorders, large-scale
clinical trials are warranted.
Champions of a dietary supplement called arginine claim that this naturally occurring amino acid may be the answer to an ailing heart. It appears that for some people with mild hypertension, arginine alone can restore normal blood pressure. The supplement may allow others to cut back on their prescription drugs, reducing or eliminating such side effects as depression and impotence.
But that's not all. According to its proponents, arginine can also lower cholesterol, open clogged arteries, reduce the chest pain of angina, reverse impotence, boost immunity, increase mental acuity, and lessen the complications of diabetes.
How could one supplement accomplish all this? Arginine's purported health benefits may stem from its conversion to nitric oxide (NO) in cells that line the inside of your blood vessels. Nitric oxide is a simple gas and a main ingredient in smog. Ironically, it is also the body's most potent blood vessel expander and main blood pressure regulator. The discovery of nitric oxide's crucial role in heart health earned three American scientists the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1998.
Helping your heart
In their current book, The Arginine Solution, Drs. Robert Fried and Woodson
C. Merrell note that as people age and develop such disorders as hypertension,
elevated cholesterol, and atherosclerosis, their ability to make sufficient
amounts of nitric oxide from arginine is impaired, contributing to a further
decline in their cardiovascular health. Drs. Fried and Merrell contend that
increasing one's arginine intake can alleviate various disorders linked to decreased
nitric oxide synthesis.
In his own practice, Dr. Merrell, assistant clinical professor at Columbia University Medical School, often includes arginine supplementation in a comprehensive treatment program for such disorders as hypertension, elevated cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, and impotence.
Reducing blood pressure
Several recent studies confirming arginine's antihypertensive effect have piqued
public curiosity about this supplement. For example, in a 1998 Italian study,
daily oral doses significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in patients with
borderline hypertension.
Lowering cholesterol
Arginine also appears to benefit individuals with high cholesterol. In 1997,
Stanford researchers showed that in people with elevated cholesterol, arginine
reduced the tendency of blood platelets to clump, potentially lessening the
risk of heart attacks and strokes. An earlier study at Sinai Hospital in Baltimore
found that two weeks of arginine therapy reduced total and LDL ("bad")
cholesterol but had no effect on HDL ("good") cholesterol in healthy
elderly volunteers.
Relieving angina
A 1998 Mayo Clinic study found that patients with early heart disease who took
arginine supplements for six months had better blood flow to the heart and less
angina compared with a placebo group. And Polish scientists showed that arginine
increased the exercise capacity of patients with angina who had had a heart
attack.
Improving function in heart disease
Arginine apparently can also help people with heart failure or blood vessel
disease. For instance, University of Minnesota researchers reported that taking
arginine for six weeks improved blood flow and walking distance in people with
heart failure, and a 1998 German study found that it helped those with severe
intermittent claudication (leg pain associated with atherosclerosis of arteries
in the leg).
Other potential benefits
Preliminary evidence suggests that the supplement may also boost immunity, reverse
impotence, and forestall many of the complications of diabetes. For example,
it is known that the immune system can kill infectious microbes, from Salmonella
to Chlamydia, by emitting a puff of nitric oxide. Several studies have now shown
that arginine supplements can activate the immune system and spur wound healing
after surgery or trauma.
In addition, impaired nitric oxide production has been identified as a factor in impotence, and arginine has been reported to restore erectile function in some men.
Finally, arginine blood levels are often reduced in diabetes, and some evidence suggests that arginine can slow the progression of atherosclerosis in those with the disease. It should not, however, be taken by people with diabetic retinopathy.
Cautions
As with any product, caution is advised. You should probably avoid arginine
if you are taking Viagra or nitroglycerin, because these drugs also widen blood
vessels. There is a theoretical risk that it might worsen some conditions, such
as migraines, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, kidney disease, cirrhosis,
and breast cancer, particularly at higher than recommended doses. But overall,
arginine is generally considered very safe. Consult your doctor before taking
it.
Suggested dose:
Arginine is sold as L-arginine, the naturally occurring form of the amino acid.
Begin with 1 gram 3 times a day, taken morning, noon, and night. Results should
begin to appear in a month or two. If needed, increase the daily dose to a maximum
of 6 grams (in three divided doses). Ingest with carbohydrates rather than protein,
which can hinder absorption. Because arginine can interfere with the action
of lysine, another amino acid and an effective herpes virus fighter, Dr. Merrell
recommends that those at risk for cold sores or genital herpes also take the
amino acid lysine (500 mg) daily.
Further reading:
Robert Fried, Ph.D., and Woodson C. Merrell, M.D., The Arginine Solution (Warner
Books, 1999)
If you use arginine supplements for
longer than one month, take them with an amino acid complex that contains a
variety of amino acids. This will ensure that you get a proper balance of all
amino acids.
Ailments
Dosage:
Angina : 500 mg L-arginine 3 times a day on an empty stomach
High Blood Pressure: 1,000 mg L-arginine twice a day
Infertility, Male: 1,000 mg L-arginine 3 times a day
4246 Spinach, frozen, chopped or leaf, unprepared
3286 Seaweed, spirulina, raw
2633 Fish, tuna, light, canned in water, drained solids
2054 Fish, salmon, pink, cooked, dry heat
2774 Tofu, silken, lite extra firm
2727 Watercress, raw
4466 Seeds, sesame flour, low-fat
Dr. Ferid Murad PhD, University
of Texas, Houston, Director of the Institute of Molecular Medicine (1998 Nobel
Prize in Medicine for nitric oxide discoveries) Formulated product:
Cardio Discovery by Leiner Health Products, Carson California, $29.95 for month
supply
Supplement Facts:
Serving Size: 10 g
Servings Per Container: 60
Amount Per Serving - % Daily Value:
Calories 30, Total Carbohydrates 3 g - 1%*, Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid) 500
mg - 833%, Vitamin E (as dl-alpha Tocopheryl Acetate) 400 IU - 1333%, Folic
Acid 400 mcg - 100%, L-Arginine 5 g (5000 mg) - **, L-Glutamine
100 mg - **, Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis) (leaf) 50 mg - **, Alpha
Lipoic Acid 10 mg - **, Lemon Balm Powder (Melissa officianlis) (leaf) 10 mg
- **.
*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000-calorie diet.
**Daily Value not established.